Salinity stress is one of the most important factors causing yield loss in crop worldwide. Programmed cell death plays an important role in adapting to environmental stress. Understanding the molecular basis of PCD mechanism makes possible genetically manipulation of plants to improve environmental stress tolerance. BAX Inhibitor 1 is a candidate for this purpose. In this study, the potential role of a gene which encodes BAX Inhibitor 1-like protein (BI_85) in salt tolerance was evaluated using bioinformatics tools such as promoter and gene regulatory network analysis, as well as relative expression of BI_85 in susceptible (Alamut) and salt resistant (Arg) cultivars and a wild relative Aegilops crassa, by Real-time PCR. According to the regulatory network, this gene may act upstream of the SOS signaling pathway. According to promoter analysis, the presence of stress-responsive regulatory elements such as ABRE (abscisic acid responsive element), LTR (low-temperature responsive element), MBS (MYB binding site involved in drought-inducibility), CGTCA-motif (MeJAresponsive element), TGACG-motif (MeJA-responsive element), ERE (ethylene-responsive element), and GT-1 motif (salt responsive element) in the promoter confirms the role of this gene in environmental stresses tolerance including salinity. It was also figured out that the expression patterns of BI_85 was significantly different between susceptible and salt resistant cultivars in response to salt stress. Overall, it can be concluded that BI_85 can contribute to salt tolerance in wheat and can be used for genetic manipulation to improve tolerance to stress.

OBJECTIVES: Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSc) are known for a long period of time. These cells are adherent, clonogenic and fibroblastic and can be isolated from bone marrow stroma of postnatal organisms. Under appropriate conditions, these cells can give rise to the broad spectrum of fully differentiated connective tissues including cartilage, bone, adipose tissues and muscle cells. Upon isolating of cells in vitro, these cells tend to differentiate and it is very difficult to direct these cells into self-renewal in order to get more Multipotent MSc for medical purposes. In the previons study, the effect of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) on MSc was investigated and it was shown that in the presence of LIP, MSc have more proliferation ability and the self renewal ability of cells increases. Also it was shown that these cells tend to differentiate into bones. In this study the effect of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitor (MAPKI) on MSc was investigated. METHODS: Bone marrow stroma cells were extracted from 2-month-old mice. These cells were cultured in a medium containing 25 micro moles MAPKI. After formation of colonies, cells were stained by methylen blue. The activity of alkaline Phosphatase was also investigated. To study the effect of both LIP and MAPKI simultaneously on colony formation ability of MSc, cells were cultured in a culture containing 25 micro moles MAPKI and 500 U/ml LIF. The number and size of colonies was studied. Results: In the presence of MAPKI the number and the size of colonies (CFU-F) formed in the culture was significantly decreased. The number of CFU-ALP+ in the culture containing MAPKI was decreased according to the decrease of CFU-F number. Adding MAPKI to a medium containing LIF neutralized the effect of LIP on MSc. Conclusion: The presence of MAPKI in the culture affects the number of colonies. This factor, despite LIP, does not affect the expression of alkaline phosphatase in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. UF increases the self renewal and proliferative ability of cells. Adding MAPKI factor to a culture containing LIP neutralizes the proliferative effect of LIF.

Background and Objective: Obesity is considered as a global disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise with royal jelly on the expression of BCL-2, Bax and the ratio of BCL2/Bax in the pancreatic tissue of obese rats.Materials and Methods: In this research, 40 5-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups of normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD). Rats in the ND group were fed a standard diet (23% protein, 65% carbohydrates, and 12% fat) and the HFD group were fed a high-fat diet (17% protein, 43% carbohydrates, and 40% fat) for eight weeks. Then, the rats were divided into 5 groups: normal diet, high-fat diet, high-fat-exercise (HFDT), high-fat-supplemented (HFDRj) and high-fat-exercise-supplemented (HFDTRj) groups. The training group performed incremental aerobic training for 8 weeks and 5 days per week. Also, the supplement groups were daily given 100 mg of royal jelly mixed in distilled water.Results: The results showed that induction of obesity through the consumption of high-fat foods increases BCL-2 gene expression and significantly decreases BAX gene expression in the high-fat group compared to the control group. Also, endurance exercises and gel supplementation decreased BCL-2 gene expression and increased BAX gene expression in the experimental groups compared to the high-fat group and these changes were more noticeable in the combined group.Conclusion: It is possible that aerobic training along with the use of royal jelly can be an effective strategy in improving the condition of obesity through the process of apoptosis.

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a type of pregnancy in which implantation of zygote occurs out of the uterine cavity. One of the most important problems is bleeding. On the other hand, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene is one of the involved factors in unsuccessful pregnancies, and 4G/5G polymorphism is the most common changes of this gene. So, it is important to study the prevalence of these changes in this gene in women with ectopic pregnancy.Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 100 Iranian women with ectopic pregnancy and 101 Iranian women with the normal pregnancy were selected. After blood sampling, ARMS PCR method has been used for detection 4G/5G polymorphism and data were analyzed by statistical analysis.Results: In this study, 4G allele with 70.79% prevalence and 5G allele with 63.5% prevalence are the most common alleles for the control and case group, respectively.4G/4G and 4G/5G genotypes in the control group and 4G/5G and 5G/5G genotypes in the case group are prevalent. An Armitage test found p<0.05 for both alleles, showing 4G allele (p=1.524e-10; OR=0.262) has decreasing effect and 5G allele (p=1.524e-10; OR=3.822) has increasing effect in ectopic pregnancy.Conclusion: According to the findings, 5G allele and 4G/5G and 5G/5G genotypes have increasing effect, 4G allele and 4G/4G genotype have decreasing effect in ectopic pregnancy. So, we could consider 5G allele as a risk factor of ectopic pregnancy in this study.

Introduction: A high-fat diet (HFD) contributes to obesity and cardiac damage. This study investigated the protective effects of eight weeks of caffeine supplementation (CAF) on HFD-induced changes in the expression of BAX, BCL2, the BAX/BCL2 ratio, and caspase 3 in the heart tissue of male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats (8 weeks old, 181 ± 15 grams) were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n=8 per group): normal diet (ND), normal diet with caffeine (ND+CAF), high-fat diet (HFD), and high-fat diet with caffeine (HFD+CAF). Rats had free access to water and their assigned diet. The caffeine supplement was administered via gavage at 6 mg/kg/day. After eight weeks, heart tissue was collected, and the protein expression of apoptosis markers was measured using Western blotting. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test (GraphPad Prism). Results: Compared to the ND and ND+CAF groups, the HFD and HFD+CAF groups showed significantly higher BAX expression (P≤0.001). BCL2 expression was significantly elevated in the ND+CAF and HFD+CAF groups compared to the ND and HFD groups (P≤0.001). The BAX/BCL2 ratio was lower in the ND+CAF and HFD+CAF groups compared to the ND and HFD groups (P ≤ 0.001). No significant differences were observed in caspase 3 expression (P≥0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that caffeine supplementation may mitigate HFD-induced alterations in the expression of specific apoptotic proteins in rat heart tissue